Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature, primarily caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases responsible for this phenomenon include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.




The primary driver of global warming is human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which release significant amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural practices also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. These gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a rise in global temperatures and subsequent climate change.

The consequences of global warming are wide-ranging and pose significant challenges for both the environment and human societies. Some of the observed impacts include:

  1. Rising temperatures: The global average temperature has been increasing, resulting in more frequent and intense heatwaves. This can lead to heat-related illnesses, crop failures, and stress on ecosystems.

  2. Melting ice: Higher temperatures cause glaciers and ice caps to melt, contributing to rising sea levels. This threatens coastal communities, low-lying islands, and vulnerable ecosystems.

  3. Extreme weather events: Global warming intensifies weather patterns, leading to more frequent and severe events such as hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires. These events can cause widespread destruction and loss of life.

  4. Ecosystem disruptions: Many species face challenges due to changing temperatures and habitat loss. Some are forced to migrate or adapt, while others may become extinct. Disruptions in ecosystems can have cascading effects on food chains and biodiversity.

  5. Ocean acidification: Increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere result in more absorption by the oceans, leading to ocean acidification. This has adverse effects on marine life, especially organisms that rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons.

Addressing global warming requires a comprehensive approach involving individuals, communities, governments, and international cooperation. Strategies include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, conserving forests, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, and developing climate-resilient infrastructure.

Efforts are underway at various levels to mitigate and adapt to global warming, such as the Paris Agreement, an international treaty aiming to limit global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Additionally, advancements in technology and increased public awareness play crucial roles in finding sustainable solutions to mitigate the impacts of global warming and ensure a more sustainable future for the planet.